This simple circuit using a single transistor turns ON the relay when light falls on the LDR.
The potentiometer is adjusted for the required sensitivity.
The power supply is 6V.
Be careful about the impedance of the relay. Its impedance should not be less that 60ohm.
Its working can be explained as follows:
With the light falling on the LDR,its resistance is low and the transistor is saturated and turns the
relay ON.
When light is obstructed, the LDRs resistance becomes very high. The potentiometer shorts the
transistors
base to ground and it is cut off. Hence the relay is OFF.
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